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Duke of Albany

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(Redirected from Earl of Clarence)
For the steamship, see TSS Duke of Albany.
Not to be confused with Duke of Alba.

Dukedom of Albany
Arms of Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany
Creation date24 May 1881
CreationSixth
Created byQueen Victoria
PeeragePeerage of the United Kingdom
First holderPrince Leopold
Last holderPrince Charles Edward
Remainder tothe 1st Duke's heirs male of the body lawfully begotten
Subsidiary titlesEarl of Clarence
Baron Arklow
StatusSuspended under the Titles Deprivation Act 1917 on 28 March 1919
Arms of the Albany Stewarts

Duke of Albany is a peerage title that has occasionally been bestowed on younger sons in the Scottish and later the British royal family, particularly in the Houses of Stuart and Hanover.

History

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The Dukedom of Albany was first granted in 1398 by King Robert III of Scotland on his brother, Robert Stewart, the title being in the Peerage of Scotland. "Albany" was a broad territorial term representing the parts of Scotland north of the River Forth, roughly the former Kingdom of the Picts. The title (along with the Dukedom of Rothesay) was one of the first two dukedoms created in Scotland. It passed to Robert's son Murdoch Stewart, and was forfeited in 1425 due to the attainder of Murdoch.

The title was again created in 1458 for Alexander Stewart but was forfeit in 1483. His son John Stewart was restored to the second creation in 1515 but died without heirs in 1536. In 1541 Robert, second son of James V of Scotland, was styled Duke of Albany, but he died at less than a month old. The fourth creation, along with the Earldom of Ross and Lordship of Ardmannoch, was for Mary, Queen of Scots' king consort Lord Darnley, whose son, later James VI of Scotland, I of England and Ireland, inherited the titles on his death. That creation merged with the Scottish crown upon James's ascension. The title, along with the title of Duke of York, with which it has since been traditionally coupled, was created for a fifth time in 1604 for Charles, son of James VI and I. Upon Charles's ascent to the throne in 1625, the title of Duke of Albany merged once again in the crowns.

The title was next granted in 1660 to Charles I's son, James, by Charles II. When James succeeded his elder brother to the throne in 1685, the titles again merged into the crown. The cities of New York and Albany, New York, were thus both named after James, as he was the Duke of York and of Albany. The pretender, Charles Edward Stuart, gave the title Duchess of Albany to his illegitimate daughter Charlotte; she died in 1789.

The title "Duke of York and Albany" was granted three times by the Hanoverian kings.

HRH Prince Charles Edward, the last person to hold the title, was deprived thereof in 1919.

The title of "Albany" alone was granted for the fifth time, this time in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, in 1881 to Prince Leopold, the fourth son of Queen Victoria.[1] Prince Leopold's son, Prince Charles Edward (who had succeeded as reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1900), was deprived of the peerage in 1919 for bearing arms against the United Kingdom in World War I.[1] His grandson, Ernst Leopold (1935–1996), only son of Charles Edward's eldest son Johann Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1906–1972), sometimes used the title "Duke of Albany",[1] although the Titles Deprivation Act 1917 stipulates that any successor of a suspended peer shall be restored to the peerage only by direction of the sovereign, the successor's petition for restoration having been submitted for and obtained a satisfactory review of the appropriate Privy Council committee.[2]

Dukes of Albany

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First creation, 1398

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Other titles (1st Duke): Earl of Fife (1371), Earl of Buchan (1374–1406), Earl of Atholl (1403–1406)
Other titles (2nd Duke): Earl of Menteith (bef 1189), Earl of Fife (1371), Earl of Buchan (1374)

Second creation, 1458

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Other titles (1st Duke): Earl of March (1455), Earl of Mar and Earl of Garioch (1482)
Other titles (2nd Duke): Earl of March (1455)
  • John Stewart, Duke of Albany (1482–1536), only legitimate son of the 1st Duke, was restored to his father's dukedom and Earldom of March in 1515. The honours became extinct upon his death without issue

Only styled, 1541

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Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death
Robert Stewart
House of Stuart
1541–1541 		no portrait 12 April 1541
Falkland Palace, Falkland, Fife
son of James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise 		not married 20 April 1541
Falkland Palace, Falkland, Fife
aged 8 days

Third creation, 1565

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Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death
Henry Stuart
House of Stuart
1565–1567
also: Earl of Ross and Lord Ardmannoch (1565) 		Henry Stuart 19 November 1545
Dunfermline Palace, Dunfermline
son of Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox and Lady Margaret Douglas 		Mary, Queen of Scots
29 July 1565
1 child 		10 February 1567
Kirk o' Field, Edinburgh
aged 21
James Stuart
House of Stuart
1567
also: Earl of Ross and Lord Ardmannoch (1565);
Duke of Rothesay (1398) 		James Stuart 19 June 1566
Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh
son of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley and Mary, Queen of Scots 		Anne of Denmark
23 November 1589
9 children 		27 March 1625
De Vere Theobalds Estate, Cheshunt
aged 58
Prince James succeeded as James VI in 1567 upon his mother's abdication, and his titles merged with the crown.

Fourth creation, 1604

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Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death
Charles Stuart
House of Stuart
1600–1625[3]
also: Marquess of Ormond, Earl of Ross, Lord Ardmannoch (1600–1625);
Duke of York (1605–1625);
Prince of Wales (1616), Duke of Cornwall (1337) and Duke of Rothesay (1398) 		Charles Stuart 19 November 1600
Dunfermline Palace, Dunfermline
son of James VI and I and Anne of Denmark 		Henrietta Maria of France
13 June 1625
9 children 		30 January 1649
Whitehall Palace, London
aged 48
Prince Charles succeeded as Charles I in 1625 upon his father's death, and his titles merged with the crown.

Fifth creation, 1660

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Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death
James Stuart
House of Stuart
1633 or 1644 – 1685[4]
also: Duke of York (1633/1644), Earl of Ulster (1659) 		James Stuart 14 October 1633
St. James's Palace, London
son of Charles I of England and Henrietta Maria of France 		Anne Hyde
3 September 1660
8 children

Mary of Modena
21 November 1673
7 children 		16 September 1701
Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Paris
aged 67
Prince James succeeded as James II in 1685 upon his brother's death, and his titles merged with the crown.

Sixth creation, 1881

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Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death
Prince Leopold
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1882–1884
also: Earl of Clarence and Baron Arklow (1881) 		Prince Arthur 7 April 1853
Buckingham Palace, London
son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert 		Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont
27 April 1882
2 children 		28 March 1884
Villa Nevada, Cannes
aged 30
Prince Charles Edward
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1884–1919
also: Earl of Clarence and Baron Arklow (1881) 		Prince Arthur 19 July 1884
Claremont, Esher
son of Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany and Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont 		Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein
11 October 1905
5 children 		6 March 1954
Coburg
aged 69
The Titles Deprivation Act 1917 suspended the title on 28 March 1919.

Family trees

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Dukes of Albany in fiction

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  • Thomas Norton and Thomas Sackville's play Gorboduc includes Fergus, the Duke of Albany, who tries to claim the British throne after Gorboduc's death through his royal descent.
  • William Shakespeare's King Lear, set in no particular century, includes as a major character the Duke of Albany, who is husband to Lear's daughter Goneril.
  • In the 2001 film Kate & Leopold, Hugh Jackman plays "Leopold Mountbatten, Duke of Albany," who holds the title in 1876, making him a fictional analog of Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, who held the title at that time. However, the surname Mountbatten is an anachronism, as the equivalent family at the time would have been called Battenberg.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Eilers, Marlene (1997). Queen Victoria's Descendants. Falkoping, Sweden: Rosvall Royal Books. pp. 106–108, 160–162, 164–165, 179–180. ISBN 91-630-5964-9.
  2. ^ "Titles Deprivation Act 1917". The National Archives. 1917. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
  3. ^ Gregg, Pauline (1981), King Charles I, London: Dent
  4. ^ Callow, John, The Making of King James II: The Formative Years of a King, Sutton Publishing, Ltd, Stroud, Gloucestershire, 2000. Page
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