Harrison, Arkansas
Harrison | |
|---|---|
City | |
 Historic downtown Harrison | |
 Logo | |
| Motto: "Adventure Awaits You"[1] | |
 Location of Harrison in Boone County, Arkansas. | |
| Coordinates: 36°14′38″N 93°07′11″W / 36.24389°N 93.11972°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Arkansas |
| County | Boone |
| Platted | 1869 |
| Incorporated | March 1, 1876 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Council government |
| • Mayor | Jerry Jackson [citation needed] (R) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 11.23 sq mi (29.09 km2) |
| • Land | 11.21 sq mi (29.02 km2) |
| • Water | 0.03 sq mi (0.07 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,247 ft ([3] m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 13,069 |
| • Estimate (June 30, 2023) | 13,100 |
| • Density | 1,166.35/sq mi (450.35/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (Central (CST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| ZIP codes | 72601-72602 |
| Area code | 870 |
| FIPS code | 05-30460 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2403805[3] |
| Website | www |
The city of Harrison is the county seat of Boone County, Arkansas, United States. It is named after Marcus LaRue Harrison, a surveyor who laid out the city along Crooked Creek at Stifler Springs.[4] According to 2019 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the city was 13,069,[5] up from 12,943 at the 2010 census and it is the 30th largest city in Arkansas based on official 2019 estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau.[6] Harrison is the principal city of the Harrison Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Boone and Newton counties.
The community has a history of racism: there were two race riots in the early 20th century and an influx of white supremacist organizations during the late 20th and early 21st centuries.[7] Due to this, it is commonly known as "the most racist town in the United States".[8][9][10][11][12]
History
[edit]
Precolonial history
[edit]Native Americans were the earliest inhabitants of the area, probably beginning with cliff dwellers who lived in caves in the bluffs along the rivers. In later times, the Osage, a branch of the Sioux, was the main tribe in the Ozarks, and one of their larger villages is thought to have been to the east of the present site of Harrison. The Shawnee, Quapaw, and Caddo people were also familiar to the area.
The Cherokee arrived around 1816 and did not get along with the Osage. This hostility erupted into a full-scale war in the Ozark Mountains. By the 1830s, both tribes were removed to Indian Territory.
It is possible that the first Europeans to visit the area were some forty followers of Hernando de Soto and that they camped at a Native village on the White River at the mouth of Bear Creek. It is more likely that the discoverers were French hunters or trappers who followed the course of the White River.[13]
19th century
[edit]In early 1857, the Baker–Fancher wagon train assembled at Beller's Stand, south of Harrison. On September 11, 1857, approximately 120 members of this wagon train were murdered near Mountain Meadows, Utah Territory, by a local Mormon militia and members of the Paiute Indian tribe. In 1955, a monument to memorialize the victims of the massacre was placed on the Harrison town square.[14]
Boone County was organized in 1869, during Reconstruction after the Civil War. Harrison was platted and made the county seat. It is named after Marcus LaRue Harrison, a Union officer who surveyed and platted the town. The town of Harrison was incorporated on March 1, 1876.[15]
20th century
[edit]Harrison Race Riots of 1905 and 1909
[edit]In 1905 and 1909, white race riots occurred in Harrison, which drove away black residents and established the community as one of hundreds of sundown towns in the country.[16][17]
In 1901, the building of the St. Louis and North Arkansas Railroad through Harrison bolstered the local economy.[18] Economic hardship ensued following the railroad's bankruptcy on July 1, 1905.[18] On October 2, 1905, a white mob breached the Harrison jail, captured two Black prisoners, drove the prisoners outside city limits, whipped them, and threatened them to leave the community.[18] The white mob then went to the Black community and burned their houses and fired guns at their windows with the message that they should leave the town.[18] At least one person, railroad worker George Richards, was murdered during the event.[18] Local law enforcement declined to take action to press charges for the riot.[18]
On January 18, 1909, Charles Stinnett was arrested and charged with the rape of a white woman named Lovett.[18] Although Stinnett testified that he did not assault the woman and only meant to rob her, a jury sentenced him to hang on February 26, 1909.[18] A mob arrived at the jail to lynch Stinnett after learning that Lovett was very ill, and the mob's presence forced many remaining Black residents out of Harrison on January 28, 1909.[18] Stinnet was set to be hanged on March 24, 1909, but his execution was delayed for three hours because he was drunk.[18] Stinnet died as a result of strangulation from a failed hanging fifteen minutes after his execution began.[18]
Later 20th century
[edit]The bank robber and convicted murderer Henry Starr was in Harrison on February 18, 1921, when Starr and three companions entered the People's State Bank and robbed it of $6,000.00. During the robbery, Starr was shot by the former president of the bank, William J. Myers. Starr was carried to the town jail, where he died the next morning.[19]
On May 7, 1961, heavy rain caused Crooked Creek, immediately south of the downtown business district, to flood the town square and much of the southwestern part of the city. Water levels inside buildings reached eight feet (2.5 m). Many small buildings and automobiles were swept away. According to the American Red Cross, four people died, 80 percent of the town's business district was destroyed, and over 300 buildings were damaged or destroyed in losses exceeding $5.4 million.[20] In 1962, Sam Walton opened his second Walmart store in Harrison.[21]
In 1982, Kingdom Identity Ministries, an anti-gay Christian Identity outreach ministry identified as a hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center, was founded in Harrison.[22][23]
21st century
[edit]
Harrison's Community Task Force on Race Relations[7] was established in 2003 to "promote diversity and respond to racial-bias accusations against the city".[24] City officials have made efforts to counteract organized racist activity with educational forums and billboards promoting tolerance.[25] They also attempted to downplay the city's racist reputation and improve its image by editing the town's Wikipedia article.[24]
In 2014, a peace march and vigil celebrating the life and legacy of Martin Luther King Jr. was held in downtown Harrison, hosted by the Arkansas Martin Luther King Jr. Commission.[26][27] In December of the same year, a dedication was held for a Confederate monument in Harrison.[28]
In 2017, Mayor Dan Sherrell and Boone County Judge Robert Hathaway signed proclamations recognizing June as Confederate Heritage and History Month.[29]
Kevin Cheri, who became the first African-American employed in the area in 1978, received death threats shortly after his arrival, which prompted him to leave the area. He returned in 2007, and in 2019 was recognized by mayor Jerry Jackson when Harrison issued its first-ever Black History Month proclamation.[30]
In June 2020, a group of around 300 gathered in Harrison to protest police brutality in the murder of George Floyd while 15 people armed with rifles and displaying Confederate and American flags looked on.[31]
As of October 2023,[update] the Southern Poverty Law Center has said that Kingdom Identity Ministries (founded in Harrison) has a location in the city.[32]
Geography
[edit]U.S. Routes 62, 65, and 412 pass through Harrison. U.S. 65 leads north 33 miles (53 km) to Branson, Missouri, and south 108 miles (174 km) to Conway, Arkansas. U.S. 62 leads west 43 miles (69 km) to Eureka Springs and beyond to Rogers and Bentonville. U.S. 412 leads west 73 miles (117 km) to Springdale. U.S. 62 and 412 combined lead east 48 miles (77 km) to Mountain Home.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 11.1 square miles (28.8 km2), of which 11.1 square miles (28.7 km2) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km2), or 0.26%, is water.[6]
Climate
[edit]The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Harrison has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.[33]
| Climate data for Harrison, Arkansas (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1891–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 81 (27) |
87 (31) |
98 (37) |
99 (37) |
99 (37) |
105 (41) |
112 (44) |
112 (44) |
106 (41) |
96 (36) |
86 (30) |
82 (28) |
112 (44) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 46.8 (8.2) |
51.6 (10.9) |
60.0 (15.6) |
69.2 (20.7) |
76.9 (24.9) |
85.0 (29.4) |
89.4 (31.9) |
89.5 (31.9) |
81.8 (27.7) |
71.3 (21.8) |
59.3 (15.2) |
49.1 (9.5) |
69.2 (20.7) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 37.5 (3.1) |
40.8 (4.9) |
49.4 (9.7) |
58.3 (14.6) |
66.9 (19.4) |
74.9 (23.8) |
78.9 (26.1) |
78.3 (25.7) |
70.7 (21.5) |
59.9 (15.5) |
48.5 (9.2) |
39.9 (4.4) |
58.7 (14.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 28.1 (−2.2) |
30.0 (−1.1) |
38.8 (3.8) |
47.3 (8.5) |
56.8 (13.8) |
64.8 (18.2) |
68.3 (20.2) |
67.0 (19.4) |
59.5 (15.3) |
48.5 (9.2) |
37.7 (3.2) |
30.7 (−0.7) |
48.1 (8.9) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −18 (−28) |
−20 (−29) |
−10 (−23) |
20 (−7) |
26 (−3) |
40 (4) |
41 (5) |
41 (5) |
30 (−1) |
16 (−9) |
5 (−15) |
−6 (−21) |
−20 (−29) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.96 (75) |
2.80 (71) |
4.20 (107) |
5.17 (131) |
5.54 (141) |
4.17 (106) |
3.74 (95) |
3.36 (85) |
4.40 (112) |
4.02 (102) |
3.88 (99) |
3.22 (82) |
47.46 (1,205) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 2.2 (5.6) |
3.4 (8.6) |
2.2 (5.6) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.2 (0.51) |
1.5 (3.8) |
9.5 (24) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 7.1 | 7.2 | 10.8 | 10.5 | 11.2 | 8.4 | 9.1 | 8.8 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 8.0 | 8.9 | 105.8 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 1.5 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 6.1 |
| Source: NOAA[34][35] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Harrison, Arkansas (Boone County Airport) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 79 (26) |
87 (31) |
91 (33) |
92 (33) |
94 (34) |
107 (42) |
107 (42) |
112 (44) |
103 (39) |
92 (33) |
84 (29) |
78 (26) |
112 (44) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 46.9 (8.3) |
51.2 (10.7) |
60.3 (15.7) |
69.6 (20.9) |
76.6 (24.8) |
84.9 (29.4) |
89.1 (31.7) |
88.7 (31.5) |
81.4 (27.4) |
70.8 (21.6) |
59.0 (15.0) |
49.2 (9.6) |
69.0 (20.6) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 37.0 (2.8) |
40.9 (4.9) |
49.2 (9.6) |
58.3 (14.6) |
66.2 (19.0) |
74.4 (23.6) |
78.5 (25.8) |
77.6 (25.3) |
69.9 (21.1) |
59.4 (15.2) |
48.5 (9.2) |
39.7 (4.3) |
58.3 (14.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 27.2 (−2.7) |
30.6 (−0.8) |
38.1 (3.4) |
47.0 (8.3) |
55.8 (13.2) |
63.9 (17.7) |
67.9 (19.9) |
66.5 (19.2) |
58.5 (14.7) |
48.0 (8.9) |
38.0 (3.3) |
30.2 (−1.0) |
47.6 (8.7) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −13 (−25) |
−9 (−23) |
−9 (−23) |
22 (−6) |
32 (0) |
46 (8) |
50 (10) |
48 (9) |
33 (1) |
21 (−6) |
8 (−13) |
−11 (−24) |
−13 (−25) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.67 (68) |
2.42 (61) |
3.91 (99) |
4.98 (126) |
4.81 (122) |
3.85 (98) |
3.67 (93) |
3.42 (87) |
4.06 (103) |
3.81 (97) |
3.96 (101) |
2.94 (75) |
44.50 (1,130) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 8.2 | 7.7 | 10.4 | 9.9 | 11.8 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 9.1 | 8.4 | 8.1 | 108.2 |
| Source: NOAA[34][36] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
[edit]| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 582 | — | |
| 1890 | 1,438 | 147.1% | |
| 1900 | 1,551 | 7.9% | |
| 1910 | 1,602 | 3.3% | |
| 1920 | 3,477 | 117.0% | |
| 1930 | 3,626 | 4.3% | |
| 1940 | 4,238 | 16.9% | |
| 1950 | 5,542 | 30.8% | |
| 1960 | 6,580 | 18.7% | |
| 1970 | 7,239 | 10.0% | |
| 1980 | 9,567 | 32.2% | |
| 1990 | 9,922 | 3.7% | |
| 2000 | 12,152 | 22.5% | |
| 2010 | 12,943 | 6.5% | |
| 2020 | 13,069 | 1.0% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[37] | |||
2020 census
[edit]| Race | Number | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| White (non-Hispanic) | 11,501 | 88.0% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 53 | 0.41% |
| Native American | 85 | 0.65% |
| Asian | 148 | 1.13% |
| Pacific Islander | 14 | 0.11% |
| Other/Mixed | 766 | 5.86% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 502 | 3.84% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 13,069 people, 5,578 households, and 3,198 families residing in the city.
2010 census
[edit]As of the census[39] of 2010, there were 12,943 people and 6,043 housing units in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 96.2% White, 0.3% Black or African American, 0.6% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.7% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, and 1.6% from two or more races. 2.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
23.2% of the population was under the age of 18, and 19.0% were 65 years of age or older. Females made up 53.1% of the population, and males made up 46.9% of the population.
The median income for the period 2007–11 for a household in the city was $33,244, and the number of people living below the poverty level was 15.1%. The median value of owner-occupied housing units was $108,700.[40]
Economy
[edit]Harrison is home of the general office of FedEx Freight, a leading Less-Than-Load (LTL) freight carrier. Arkansas Freightways, later renamed to American Freightways, was combined with Viking Freight to become FedEx Freight in February 2001.[41]
Major employers
[edit]- FedEx Freight Inc. (Trucking and distribution)
- North Arkansas Regional Medical Center (Medical services)
- Walmart Inc. (Retail)
- Pace Industries (Aluminum die-casting)
- Claridge Products and Equipment, Inc. (Markerboards, chalkboards and bulletin boards)
- Windstream (Telecommunications)
- Wabash Wood Products (Trailer floor manufacturing)
- North Arkansas College (Education)
- WestRock, formerly RockTenn Company (Folding Paperboard Cartons)[42]
Architecture
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The Boone County Courthouse, built in 1909, and the Boone County Jail, built in 1914, were both designed by architect Charles L. Thompson and are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.[43]
Arts and culture
[edit]Annual cultural events
[edit]
Harrison hosts the annual Arkansas Hot Air Balloon races each September, Crawdad Days Music Festival each May, a Harvest Homecoming festival each October, and Christmas celebration in December.[citation needed]
Museums and other points of interest
[edit]
The National Trust for Historic Preservation has recognized the Harrison Courthouse Square Historic District. It contains a large number of the city's original commercial and governmental structures, including the still-used courthouse in the center of the square, the recently refurbished Lyric Theater, and the 1929 Hotel Seville, which underwent a complete restoration in 2008.[citation needed]
Ozark Arts Council
[edit]The Ozarks Arts Council is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization established in 1996 with the mission "To enrich lives by promoting the arts in Harrison and North Arkansas through exhibitions, performances, and education."[44] It provides administrative support and distributes financial and in-kind donations to its member organizations:
- The Theatre Company
- Northark Drama
- Twentieth Century Club
- Woman's Book Club
- Ozark Children's Choir
The historic Lyric Theatre is managed by the Ozark Arts Council. Originally opened as a movie theater in 1929, it is now used for plays, community events, old movies and other gatherings.[45]
Parks and recreation
[edit]Harrison serves as the National Park Service's Buffalo National River headquarters. The park was established in the 1970s, and was the nation's first national river.[46] The river flows for 135 miles (217 km), and there are over 59 different species of fish in it.[citation needed]
Crooked Creek, a nationally recognized "Blue Ribbon" smallmouth bass fishery, flows through Harrison.[47]
Hemmed-In-Hollow Falls, at 209 feet (64 m) the tallest waterfall between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians, is located 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Harrison near Compton.[48] On the same bluff line is Diamond Falls, at 148 feet (45 m) the second tallest in the state.[49]
As of May 2024, the Creekside Community Center is currently under construction. When complete, it will have an Olympic size pool, two more smaller pools, 2 high school regulation size basketball courts, and an indoor music venue. Construction is deemed to end before 2025.
Education
[edit] |
Residents are served by the Harrison School District. The Harrison High School mascot is the Golden Goblin. Harrison is also home to North Arkansas College (Northark). The Harrison School District had been a member of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools since 1936 until its dissolution in 2014. It is now a member of the AdvancED commission.
Media
[edit]Harrison and Boone County have been served by the local newspaper The Harrison Daily Times[50] since 1876.[51]
Radio
[edit]Radio stations broadcasting from Harrison[52] include:
- KBPB 91.9 FM (Religious)
- KCWD 96.1 FM (Classic Rock)
- KHBZ 102.9 FM (Country)
- KHOZ 900 AM (Nostalgia)
- KHOZ 94.9 FM (Nostalgia)
- KBHQ 100.7 FM (Classic Rock)
Television
[edit]Harrison has two stations of its own, including KXMP-LD and K26GS-D (both in Harrison proper). Harrison KTKO-TV 8.1, also known as TKO 8, provides coverage for local events including Goblin Sports, Harrison City Council meetings, and Boone County Quorum Court meetings.[53] It is an affiliate of the Me-TV Network showing a wide range of classic television programming.[54] K26GS is a This TV affiliate and also provides local programming to Harrison. KWBM, a Daystar affiliate, is also licensed to Harrison, however its offices are in Springfield, while its transmitter is located in Taney County, Missouri. KWBM leases part of its signal to Springfield Fox affiliate KRBK, in order to relay reliable Fox TV coverage to Harrison and the southern portions of the Springfield TV market.
Harrison is part of the Springfield, Missouri, television market, and receives stations from Springfield, including: KYTV (NBC), KOLR (CBS), KSPR (ABC), KOZL (MyNetworkTV), and KRBK (Fox).
It was also featured in a BBC TV show in the UK named Miriam's Big American Adventure, hosted by Miriam Margolyes.
Infrastructure
[edit]Transportation
[edit]A segment of the route between Seligman, Missouri and Harrison, Arkansas was operated as the Arkansas & Ozarks Railroad from 1948 to 1960.[55]
Harrison is served by Boone County Regional Airport. Scheduled flights from Harrison to Memphis, Tennessee, and Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas, are offered by Southern Airways Express. The closest airport with service from a carrier aside from Southern Airways Express is Branson Airport (served only by Frontier Airlines), and the closest airport served by multiple airlines or a legacy carrier is Northwest Arkansas National Airport.[citation needed]
Highways in the area include:
US 62/US 412
U.S. Highway 65
U.S. Route 65 Business
Arkansas Highway 7
Arkansas Highway 43
Arkansas Highway 123
Arkansas Highway 392
Arkansas Highway 397
Arkansas Highway 980
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Health care
[edit]
The North Arkansas Regional Medical Center is in Harrison.[56]
Notable people
[edit]- Daniel Boatwright, Democratic politician in California
- Brandon Burlsworth, All-American offensive lineman, played for the Arkansas Razorbacks in the late 1990s; Drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in the third round of the 1999 NFL draft
- John Burris, politician[57]
- Faye Della Wilson Copeland, born in Harrison, along with her husband Ray became the oldest couple sentenced to death in the U.S.
- George J. Crump, Confederate officer, state legislator, lawyer, and U.S. Marshal
- John Paul Hammerschmidt, U.S. representative, 1967–1993, author of the law preserving the Buffalo National River as a free-flowing stream and adding it to the National Park System in 1972
- Ben C. Henley, lawyer, businessman, and chairman of the Arkansas Republican Party from 1955 to 1962, U.S. Senate candidate in 1956, lived in Harrison[58]
- J. Smith Henley, federal judge, retired to senior status in Harrison; the federal building in Harrison is named in his honor
- Elgin Bryce Holt, geologist
- Courtney Rae Hudson, Arkansas Supreme Court justice, was born in Harrison
- H. Dale Jackson, ethicist
- Uvalde Lindsey, politician
- Brian McComas, country-western singer, originally from Harrison
- Bryce Molder, professional golfer, was born in Harrison
- Gracie Pfost, first woman elected to Congress from Idaho, was born in Harrison
- Charles Robinson, Arkansas State Treasurer; native of Harrison
- Tim Sherrill, former pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals from 1990 to 1991
- Vance Trimble, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist
- Robert Wadley, politician
- William Wirt Watkins, politician
- John A. White, President of the University of Arkansas
- Jack Williams, Medal of Honor recipient
In popular culture
[edit]In 2020, the video Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town was filmed in Harrison.[12][59][60][61]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "City of Harrison Arkansas". City of Harrison Arkansas. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
- ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
- ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Harrison, Arkansas
- ^ "History and Facts of Harrison – City of Harrison, Arkansas". Retrieved March 10, 2020.
- ^ "Harrison (City) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". Archived from the original on September 20, 2013. Retrieved September 25, 2013.
- ^ a b "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Harrison city, Arkansas". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved September 25, 2013.
- ^ a b Morris, Frank (May 12, 2014). "Tale Of Two Billboards: An Ozark Town's Struggle To Unseat Hate". NPR. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
- ^ Bucktin, Christopher (November 24, 2016). "The most racist town in US where "diversity is a code word for white genocide"". mirror. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
- ^ Brantley, Max (November 25, 2016). "Most racist town in America". Arkansas Times. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
- ^ Rowles, Dustin (January 2, 2015). "Harrison, Arkansas Continues To Be One Of The Most Racist Towns In America". UPROXX. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
- ^ Chojar, Faith (April 17, 2019). "The Most Racist Town in America?". Papers, Posters, and Recordings.
- ^ a b "Man Holding Black Lives Matter Sign in Harrison Faces Racist Language". thv11.com. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
- ^ "Native Americans of Carroll County, AR – Arkansas Guide to Eureka Springs, Berryville, Green Forest, and more!". Retrieved May 1, 2017.
- ^ Mountain Meadows Massacre, Mountain Meadows Massacre.com, retrieved January 16, 2011
- ^ Harrison, AR, citydata.com, retrieved January 16, 2011
- ^ Lancaster, Guy (August 13, 2014). "Harrison Race Riots of 1905 and 1909". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Central Arkansas Library System.
- ^ Loewen, James (2005). Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism. New York: The New Press. pp. 36–37. ISBN 9781595586742.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Harrison Race Riots of 1905 and 1909". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved September 2, 2024.
- ^ Henry Starr – The Cherokee Bad Boy, Legends of America, retrieved December 26, 2010
- ^ "1961 Harrison Flood". Boone County Historical & Railroad Society. Archived from the original on June 30, 2007. Retrieved August 31, 2019.
- ^ Vance H. Trimble, Sam Walton: The Inside Story of America's Richest Man, pp.46–64 (Dutton, 1990)
- ^ Hilliard, Robert L.; Keith, Michael C. (1999). Waves of Rancor: Tuning in the Radical Right. M.E. Sharpe. p. 158. ISBN 9780765601315.
- ^ "Kingdom Identity Ministries". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
- ^ a b Bowden, Bill (August 11, 2019). "Wikipedia entries won't let Harrison shed unsavory past". Arkansas Online. Retrieved August 31, 2019.
- ^ Rugh, Peter (March 11, 2014). "The KKK Embraces Diversity in Harrison, Arkansas". Vice. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
- ^ "Nonviolence Youth Summit Part 10 – Education Alliance". March 7, 2014. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
- ^ MrcleanMinistries (April 5, 2014). "Mrclean at 2nd Part of Non Violence Youth Summit March Harrison, AR". Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2017 – via YouTube.
- ^ "Monument dedication honors Arkansas Civil War soldiers". Harrison Daily Times. December 2, 2014. Archived from the original on January 11, 2015.
- ^ "June proclaimed Confederate History and Heritage Month". May 25, 2017. Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
- ^ Sinett, Caitlin (February 16, 2019). "Harrison Mayor Signs Black History Month Proclamation". KNWA. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
- ^ "Hundreds of George Floyd Protesters Come Out in Arkansas". U.S. News. June 5, 2020. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
- ^ "Hate Map". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
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- ^ Peiser, Jaclyn (July 30, 2020). "He held a BLM sign in what he called 'America's most racist town.' The result? A viral video of abuse". Washington Post. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
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Further reading
[edit]- Froelich, Jacqueline; Zimmerman, David (Summer 1999). "Total Eclipse: The Destruction of the African American Community of Harrison, Arkansas, in 1905 and 1909". Arkansas Historical Quarterly. 58 (2): 133–159. doi:10.2307/40026338. JSTOR 40026338.
- Froelich, Jacqueline (2014). "Race, History, and Memory in Harrison, Arkansas: An Ozarks Town Reckons with Its Past". In Kirk, John A. (ed.). Race and Ethnicity in Arkansas: New Perspectives. Fayetteville, Arkansas: University of Arkansas Press. pp. 61–70. doi:10.2307/j.ctt1ffjdtz.9.
- Lancaster, Guy (2014). Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Little Rock, Arkansas: Butler Center for Arkansas Studies at the Central Arkansas Library System.
- Rowles, Dustin (January 2, 2015). "Harrison, Arkansas Continues To Be One Of The Most Racist Towns In America". Uproxx.
- Bowden, Bill (September 19, 2017). "Contentious signs jettisoned in north Arkansas city; one called diversity 'code word for white genocide'". Arkansas Democrat-Gazette.
- Terry, Don (May 24, 2014). "Ghosts of Harrison". Intelligence Report, Southern Poverty Law Center.
External links
[edit]
- City of Harrison official website
- Harrison Convention & Visitors Bureau
- Harrison entry in the Encyclopedia of Arkansas
- City government information from local.arkansas.gov
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