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Farsund

Coordinates: 58°04′58″N 06°45′10″E / 58.08278°N 6.75278°E / 58.08278; 6.75278
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This article is about the municipality in Agder, Norway. For the town in this same municipality, see Farsund (town).
Farsund Municipality
Farsund kommune
Municipality
View of the Farsund town harbour
View of the Farsund town harbour
Coat of arms of Farsund Municipality
Coat of arms
Agder within Norway
Agder within Norway
Farsund within Agder
Farsund within Agder
Coordinates: 58°04′58″N 06°45′10″E / 58.08278°N 6.75278°E / 58.08278; 6.75278
CountryNorway
CountyAgder
DistrictLister
Established1 Jan 1838
 • Created asFormannskapsdistrikt
Administrative centreFarsund
Government
 • Mayor (2023)Ingrid Williamsen (FrP)
Area
 • Total262.58 km2 (101.38 sq mi)
 • Land251.86 km2 (97.24 sq mi)
 • Water10.72 km2 (4.14 sq mi)  4.1%
 • Rank#276 in Norway
Population
 (2023)
 • Total9,860
 • Rank#114 in Norway
 • Density39.2/km2 (102/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Increase +4.4%
DemonymsFarsunder or Farsundar
(also Listelending or Listring)[1]
Official language
[2]
 • Norwegian formBokmål
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-4206[3]
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

Farsundⓘ is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Lister. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Farsund. Farsund is a coastal municipality in the far southwestern part of Norway, bordering Kvinesdal municipality in the north and Lyngdal in the north and east.

The 263-square-kilometre (102 sq mi) municipality is the 276th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Farsund is the 114th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 9,860. The municipality's population density is 39.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (102/sq mi) and its population has increased by 4.4% over the previous 10-year period.[4][5] The inhabitants of Farsund are concentrated in three centres of population: the town of Farsund (population: 3,265), Vanse (population: 2,016), and Vestbygda (population: 1,123).[6] Loshavn with its wooden buildings is located outside the town of Farsund. Other villages in Farsund include Ore, Rødland, and Sande.

General information

[edit]
Map of urban areas in Farsund
View of the town of Farsund
Historic Vanse Church

The town of Farsund was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law), although it was already recognized as a trading center in 1795. The present municipality of Farsund was established on 1 January 1965 when the rural municipalities of Herad, Lista, and Spind were merged with the town of Farsund. On 1 January 1971, the Ytre og Indre Skarstein farms (population: 21) located along the western shore of the Rosfjorden were transferred from Lyngdal to Farsund.[7]

Name

[edit]

The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the Farsundet strait, a narrow strait through which the Lyngdalsfjorden passes as it goes by the town of Farsund. The first element of the name comes from the small island of Farøy which sits in the Farsund strait. The name of the island comes from the word far which means "travel" or "journey" (similar to the English word farewell meaning "good journey"). The last element is sund which means "strait" or "sound".[8]

Coat of arms

[edit]

The coat of arms has been used since 1900 or 1901. The blazon is "Or, a mount surmounted by four linden trees vert". This means the arms have a field (background) has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The charge is a group of linden trees on a green hill. This design was chosen to represent the town of Farsund since there were four old linden trees on the town square. Originally, these trees grew in the garden of the Lund merchant dynasty, where they were probably planted in the middle of the 18th century. The trees also appear in the trade seal of the family. In 1957, the old trees were removed and replaced with new ones. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.[9][10]

Churches

[edit]

The Church of Norway has three parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Farsund. It is part of the Lister og Mandal prosti deanery in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark.

Churches in Farsund
Parish (sokn) Church name Location of the church Year built
Farsund Frelserens Church Farsund 1905
Spind Church Rødland 1776
Herad Herad Church Sande 1957
Lista Vanse Church Vanse c. 1037
Vestbygda Chapel Vestbygd 1909

History

[edit]

There is evidence of settlement in Farsund and Lista since the Stone Age.

Farsund held a strategic location in the Atlantic wall during World War II, with the Lundebanen and over 400 bunkers built in Farsund municipality, many that can be visited. Between 1940 and 1945, large Soviet prison camps were located at Lista, with prison camps at Kåde and Ore holding over 600 prisoners. The Soviet prisoners were used as forced labour to build Farsund Airport, bunkers, barracks, and fortifications .[11]

Farsund previously had a hospital, which was closed down in 2007.

Government

[edit]

Farsund Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[12] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Agder District Court and the Agder Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

[edit]

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Farsund is made up of 29 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Farsund kommunestyre 2023–2027 [13]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 10
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 4
  Industry and Business Party (Industri‑ og Næringspartiet) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:29
Farsund kommunestyre 2019–2023 [14]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 6
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Red Party (Rødt) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:29
Farsund kommunestyre 2015–2019 [15]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 6
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 6
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:29
Farsund kommunestyre 2011–2015 [16]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 4
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 10
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:29
Farsund kommunestyre 2007–2011 [15]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 7
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 9
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
Total number of members:29
Farsund kommunestyre 2003–2007 [15]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 6
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:29
Farsund kommunestyre 1999–2003 [15]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 4
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 6
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 10
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:29
Farsund kommunestyre 1995–1999 [17]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 3
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 6
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:29
Farsund kommunestyre 1991–1995 [18]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 6
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
 Cross-party list (Tverrpolitisk liste)1
Total number of members:29
Farsund kommunestyre 1987–1991 [19]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 12
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 10
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
 Non-party list (Upolitisk liste)1
Total number of members:45
Farsund kommunestyre 1983–1987 [20]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 11
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 16
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 8
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
 Non-party list (Upolitisk liste)1
Total number of members:45
Farsund kommunestyre 1979–1983 [21]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 18
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 8
  New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
 Non-party list (Upolitisk liste)2
Total number of members:45
Farsund kommunestyre 1975–1979 [22]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 15
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 9
  New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Joint list of the Liberal Party and Non-party list (Fellesliste: Venstre og Upolitisk List) 5
Total number of members:45
Farsund kommunestyre 1971–1975 [23]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 7
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 12
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 2
Total number of members:45
Farsund kommunestyre 1967–1971 [24]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 13
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 7
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 13
Total number of members:45
Farsund bystyre 1963–1967 [25]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 6
Total number of members:21
Farsund bystyre 1959–1963 [26]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 6
Total number of members:21
Farsund bystyre 1955–1959 [27]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 6
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
Total number of members:21
Farsund bystyre 1951–1955 [28]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 6
Total number of members:20
Farsund bystyre 1947–1951 [29]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 6
Total number of members:20
Farsund bystyre 1945–1947 [30]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
Total number of members:20
Farsund bystyre 1937–1941* [31]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 7
Total number of members:20
Note: Due to the German occupation of Norway during World War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.
Farsund bystyre 1934–1937 [32]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 7
Total number of members:20

Mayors

[edit]

The mayors (Norwegian: ordfører) of Farsund:[33][34]

  • 1838-1838: Fredrik Christian Thrane Abel
  • 1839-1839: Christian Larsen
  • 1840-1840: Fredrik Christian Thrane Abel
  • 1841-1841: Hans Paludan Smith Bøckman
  • 1842-1842: Christian Larsen
  • 1843-1843: Johan C. Eliesen
  • 1844-1844: Johan Henrik Lund
  • 1845-1845: Hans Paludan Eide
  • 1846-1846: Fredrik Christian Thrane Abel
  • 1847-1847: Hans Paludan Eide
  • 1848-1849: Hans Paludan Smith Bøckman
  • 1850-1850: Gabriel G. Lund
  • 1851-1851: E. Røhl
  • 1853-1853: Gottlieb Gundersen
  • 1854-1854: E. Røhl
  • 1855-1855: Gottlieb Gundersen
  • 1856-1856: Hans Paludan Eide
  • 1857-1860: Gottlieb Gundersen
  • 1861-1861: Sigbjørn Salvesen
  • 1862-1862: Gottlieb Gundersen
  • 1863-1863: Sigbjørn Salvesen
  • 1864-1864: Gottlieb Gundersen
  • 1865-1865: Sigbjørn Salvesen
  • 1866-1868: Gottlieb Gundersen
  • 1869-1869: Sigbjørn Salvesen
  • 1870-1870: Fredrik Adam Otto
  • 1871-1873: Peter Sundt
  • 1874-1874: Theodor August Overwien
  • 1875-1875: Severin Jahnsen
  • 1876-1876: Theodor August Overwien
  • 1877-1877: Peter Severin Pedersen
  • 1878-1878: Adolf Julius Wichstrøm
  • 1879-1879: Peter Severin Pedersen
  • 1880-1880: Peter Sundt
  • 1881-1881: Peter Severin Pedersen
  • 1882-1882: Severin Abrahamsen
  • 1883-1884: Fredrik Julius Kloumann
  • 1885-1895: Peter Severin Pedersen
  • 1896-1896: Harald Hansen
  • 1897-1897: Peder Simonsen Holmesland (V)
  • 1898-1898: Harald Hansen
  • 1899-1899: Peder Simonsen Holmesland (V)
  • 1900-1900: Einar Bärnholdt
  • 1901-1902: Peder Simonsen Holmesland (V)
  • 1903-1903: Harald Hansen
  • 1904-1904: Ivar Svenningsen
  • 1905-1907: Anders Vesthassel (V)
  • 1908-1908: Hans M. Meyer (AvH)
  • 1909-1910: Alfred Abrahamsen (LL)
  • 1911-1913: Thales Johnsen (H)
  • 1914-1914: Anders Vesthassel (V)
  • 1915-1916: Tharald Brøvig Sr. (H)
  • 1917-1918: Sigvald Nyvold (V)
  • 1919-1919: Anders Vesthassel (V)
  • 1920-1922: Tharald Brøvig Sr. (H)
  • 1923-1925: Thales Johnsen (H)
  • 1926-1937: Tharald Brøvig Sr. (H)
  • 1938-1940: Karl Briseid (V)
  • 1945-1945: Karl Briseid (V)
  • 1946-1947: Sverre Carlsen (H)
  • 1948-1948: Finn Reinertsen (H)
  • 1949-1949: Harald Brøvig (H)
  • 1950-1950: Finn Reinertsen (H)
  • 1951-1964: Harald Brøvig (H)
  • 1965-1973: Sveinung Tveit (V)
  • 1974-1975: Martin Sudland (Sp)
  • 1976-1979: Richard Urbye Buch (H)
  • 1980-1987: Julius Andersen (H)
  • 1988-1991: Ole Conrad Evenstad (KrF)
  • 1992-2003: Ove Rullestad (H)
  • 2003-2007: Margit Brøvig (H)
  • 2007-2011: Stein Arve Ytterdahl (Ap)
  • 2011-2015: Richard Ivar Buch (H)
  • 2015-2023: Arnt Abrahamsen (Ap)
  • 2023-present: Ingrid Williamsen (FrP)[35]

Economy

[edit]

The largest industries are Alcoa Lista, an aluminium plant that employs 270; A maker of auto parts, Aludyne Norway has c. 250 employees.[36]

Farsund Aluminium Casting AS, which makes auto parts out of aluminium. Historically, shipping and fisheries have also been important. Farsund is the largest agricultural district in the county of Vest-Agder, having 26 square kilometres (10 sq mi) productive land, 88 square kilometres (34 sq mi) of forest, and 11 square kilometres (4.2 sq mi) freshwater areas. Farsund was already organized as a trading centre in 1795, and in 1995 celebrated its 200-year jubilee.

Trade and shipping laid the foundation for prosperity, and "the city of the strait" was a period one of the world's largest shipping towns in relation to the size of population.

Geography

[edit]

The municipality sits in southwestern Norway along the North Sea. The Fedafjorden and Listafjorden lie along the northwestern side of the municipality and the Lyngdalsfjorden lies in the eastern part of Farsund. The coastal municipality has two lighthouses: Lista Lighthouse in the west and Søndre Katland Lighthouse in the south.

Climate

[edit]

Farsund has a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb). The driest season is April - July, and the wettest season is October - January. In January 1987, Lista recorded a low of −17.5 °C (0.5 °F), and July 2018 recorded a high of 28.3 °C (82.9 °F). The Lista lighthouse weather station has been recording since 1867.

Climate data for Lista Lighthouse in Farsund 1991-2020 (14 m)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 4.5
(40.1) 		3.9
(39.0) 		5.3
(41.5) 		9
(48) 		12.6
(54.7) 		15.3
(59.5) 		17.9
(64.2) 		18.5
(65.3) 		15.7
(60.3) 		11.5
(52.7) 		7.8
(46.0) 		5.4
(41.7) 		10.6
(51.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 2.7
(36.9) 		1.9
(35.4) 		3.2
(37.8) 		6.2
(43.2) 		9.8
(49.6) 		12.7
(54.9) 		15.4
(59.7) 		15.9
(60.6) 		13.3
(55.9) 		9.4
(48.9) 		6
(43) 		3.7
(38.7) 		8.4
(47.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.6
(33.1) 		0
(32) 		1.2
(34.2) 		3.7
(38.7) 		7.2
(45.0) 		10.3
(50.5) 		12.9
(55.2) 		13.3
(55.9) 		11
(52) 		7.1
(44.8) 		3.9
(39.0) 		1.3
(34.3) 		6.0
(42.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 127.1
(5.00) 		89.9
(3.54) 		87.7
(3.45) 		63.3
(2.49) 		61.1
(2.41) 		62.9
(2.48) 		81.1
(3.19) 		106
(4.2) 		116
(4.6) 		142.7
(5.62) 		129.2
(5.09) 		128.2
(5.05) 		1,195.2
(47.12)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 16 15 13 10 10 9 11 12 13 15 16 16 156
Source 1: Norwegian Meteorological Institute[37]
Source 2: NOAA - WMO averages 91-2020 Norway [38]

Farsund Airport

[edit]

Farsund Airport, Lista (FAN) was closed in 2002. The airport had from 1955 to 2002 scheduled traffic to Stavanger, Bergen and Oslo. Airlines which have frequented at Lista are among others Braathens SAFE, Norving and Air Stord.

The Airport was built by Luftwaffe in 1940, and they operated the airport with several fighter squadrons during World War II.[39] After the war, the Royal Norwegian Air Force took over the airport, and for a period it was used as training camp for conscripts.

Today, the airport is privatized and is an industrial area with only minor GA-traffic.

Education

[edit]

Farsund has 3 primary schools, located in Farsund, Vanse, and Borhaug. Furthermore, there are two junior high schools, in Farsund and Vanse, and two high schools also located in Farsund and Vanse.

Outdoor Activities

[edit]
  • Farsund is a town linked to the fjords. Its guest harbour was considered one of the best in Norway, and is full of boats in summer months.
  • Every year, Strandmila (5k / 10k run) takes place in Husenby Park. The course covers countryside trails, forest paths and sand beaches.
  • The annual Kaperdagene (Pirate Town) festival takes place in July and depicts a battle between British and Norwegian ships who were fighting a war in the 1800s. It has been running since 1996.
  • The American Festival (Last weekend in June) is considered one of the most popular festivals in the region. It takes place, as mention in their name, in the last weekend in June in Vanse. And it celebrates the American heritage that many families from Lista brought home with them from the United States in the late 60s and early 70s. It is celebrated with an American inspired parade and also an old Am-Car Parade.

Twin towns

[edit]

Farsund has sister city agreements with the following places:

Notable people

[edit]
Abraham Theodor Berge, 1912
Toril Moi, 2005

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. ^ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (26 January 2023). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
  4. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  5. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
  6. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå (1 January 2015). "Urban settlements. Population and area, by municipality".
  7. ^ Jukvam, Dag (1999). Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå. ISBN 9788253746845.
  8. ^ Rygh, Oluf (1912). Norske gaardnavne: Lister og Mandals amt (in Norwegian) (9 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. pp. 183–184.
  9. ^ "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  10. ^ "Farsund kommune, våpen". Digitalarkivet (in Norwegian). Arkivverket. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  11. ^ "Sovjetiske krigsfanger" (PDF).
  12. ^ Hansen, Tore; Vabo, Signy Irene, eds. (20 September 2022). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  13. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2023 - Agder". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  14. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2019 – Agder". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  15. ^ a b c d "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  16. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2011 – Vest-Agder". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
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  36. ^ https://www.nettavisen.no/okonomi/ordforer-det-hjelper-ikke-med-stromstotte-om-man-ikke-har-en-jobb/s/5-95-1489351. Nettavisen.no. Retrieved 2023-12-03
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