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312 BC

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Millennium: 1st millennium BC
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
312 BC by topic
Politics
Categories
312 BC in various calendars
Gregorian calendar312 BC
CCCXII BC
Ab urbe condita442
Ancient Egypt eraXXXIII dynasty, 12
- PharaohPtolemy I Soter, 12
Ancient Greek era117th Olympiad (victor)¹
Assyrian calendar4439
Balinese saka calendarN/A
Bengali calendar−904
Berber calendar639
Buddhist calendar233
Burmese calendar−949
Byzantine calendar5197–5198
Chinese calendar戊申年 (Earth Monkey)
2386 or 2179
    — to —
己酉年 (Earth Rooster)
2387 or 2180
Coptic calendar−595 – −594
Discordian calendar855
Ethiopian calendar−319 – −318
Hebrew calendar3449–3450
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat−255 – −254
 - Shaka SamvatN/A
 - Kali Yuga2789–2790
Holocene calendar9689
Iranian calendar933 BP – 932 BP
Islamic calendar962 BH – 961 BH
Javanese calendarN/A
Julian calendarN/A
Korean calendar2022
Minguo calendar2223 before ROC
民前2223年
Nanakshahi calendar−1779
Seleucid era0/1 AG
Thai solar calendar231–232
Tibetan calendar阳土猴年
(male Earth-Monkey)
−185 or −566 or −1338
    — to —
阴土鸡年
(female Earth-Rooster)
−184 or −565 or −1337

Year 312 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Corvus and Mus (or, less frequently, year 442 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 312 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

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By place

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Cyrenaica

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  • The people of Cyrene in the Cyrenaica rise up in a revolt against Ptolemy, putting the Ptolemaic garrison, which occupies their citadel, under siege. After they execute Ptolemy's envoys, who came to bade them to cease their sedition, he sends Agis (one of his generals) with an army and Epaunetus (another general) with a fleet to put down the rebellion. Agis storms the city, captures the rebels, and sends the ringleaders to Alexandria.[1][2]

Cyprus

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Syria/Mesopotamia/Babylonia

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Asia Minor

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  • At the start of the year, Asander (Antigonus' governor of Caria) rebels, forcing Antigonus (wintering with his main army in Phrygia) to invade Caria. Calling all his forces from their winter quarters, he divides them into four columns: the first is sent to take Miletus; the second, under his nephew Ptolemy, campaigns through central Caria from east to west; a third marches to and takes Theangela; Antigonus himself with the main army campaigns from north to south capturing Tralles, Iasus and Kaunos. Caria is taken in the space of weeks.[8]
  • Antigonus sends his nephew Telesphoros with an army of 5,000 infantry and 500 cavalry to mainland Greece to carry on the war against Cassander.[9]

Greece/Macedon/Thrace

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  • The people of Epirus elevate Aeacides' brother, Alcetas, to the kingship.[10]
  • Alcetas advances on the Macedonian garrison of Acarnania under Lyciscus, a general of Cassander. Three battles are fought and a defeated Alcetas flees to a fortress in Epirus. Cassander marches the main Macedonian field army into Epirus and forces Alcetas to ally with him.[11]
  • Cassander marches on Apollonia, which people had driven out his garrison with the help of the Illyrians, but the Appolonians and Illyrians defeat him in battle, driving him out of western Greece for the time being.
  • The people of Epirus, tired of Alcetas (who ruled Epirus harshly), rose up and murdered him and his sons.
  • Telesphorus arrives in to the Peloponnese and starts expelling Cassander's garrisons. He successfully liberates all cities and towns that are being held for Cassander by Polyperchon and his son Alexander; all except Sicyon and Corinth who are being defended by Polyperchon and Alexander themselves.[12]
  • Cassander sails against the city of Oreus on Euboea with a fleet of 30 ships. He blockades its port trying to force the city's surrender.
  • Telesphorus comes to the aid of Oreus from the Peloponnese with 20 ships and 1,000 infantry, while Antigonid admiral Medius sails to relieve Oreus with a 100 ships from Asia Minor; they break Cassander's blockade.
  • Cassander receives reinforcements from Athens (under Thymochares the Sphettian, descendant of Thymochares) and defeats Telesphoros' squadron.[13]
  • Antigonus sends his nephew Ptolemy, whom he has made Strategos of Greece, with 5,000 infantry, 500 cavalry and 150 warships (he had recalled and reinforced Medius' fleet) to take command of all Antigonid forces and affairs in Greece.[14]
  • Cassander abandons the siege of Oreus, concentrating his forces at Chalcis to counter Ptolemy who has landed at Bathys in Boeotia and has been reinforced by the Boeotian League with 2,200 infantry and 1,300 cavalry.[15]
  • Antigonus marches his main field army to the Hellespontine region threatening to invade Europe and attack Macedon, forcing Cassander to retreat to Macedon to prepare its defences.[16]
  • Antigonus arrives at the Propontis and tries to negotiate an alliance with Byzantium, but the city, at the urging of Lysimachus, remains neutral; without it Antigonus gives up on the idea of crossing over into Europe.[17]
  • The Corcyraeans come to the aid of Apollonia and Epidamus and help the Apollonians and the people of Epidamus to remove the garrisons Cassander put there. They free Apollonia, but give the city of Epidamus to the Illyrian king Glaucias.[18]
  • Ptolemy captures Chalcis, removes Cassander's garrison, but does not install a garrison of his own. Eretria and Carystus, both on Euboea as well, join Antigonus' alliance. Ptolemy crosses over to mainland Greece and captures Oropos, again removing Cassander's garrison, he then hands it over to Antigonus' ally, the Boeotian League. After Oropos he invades Attica putting pressure on Athens to negotiate a truce. From Attica he marches on Thebes, captures it and removes Cassander's garrison. He moves on to Phocis, drives out Cassander's garrisons in that region as well, and moves into Opuntian Locris, where he besieges Opus.[19]
  • Telesphorus, who had been subordinated to Antigonus' other nephew Ptolemy considered this an insult and ends his friendship with Antigonus through betrayal.[20]
  • Telesphorus enters Elis, fortifies its citadel, and enslaves the city. He then marches on Olympia and plunders its sacred precinct collecting 500 talents; with his booty Telesphorus stars hiring mercenaries.[20]
  • Ptolemy soon restores the situation and persuades Telesphorus to give up his revolt.[21]

Sicily

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  • Agathocles, tyrant of Syracuse, increased the size of his forces until they surpassed the Carthaginian garrison forces on the island.[22]
  • Carthage, concerned with Agathocles' increasing powers, decided to send 130 warships and 14,200 soldiers under the command of a general named Hamilcar (son of Gisco, grandson of Hanno the Great).[23]
  • Hamilcar's fleet was caught by several storms which sank 60 warships and destroyed 200 transports.[24]
  • After landing on Sicily, Hamilcar gathered the remnants of his army, he also started to hire mercenaries, enlist those Sicilians opposed to Agathocles and enroll soldiers from the Carthaginian garrisons already on Sicily. In this way he was able to muster a large army.[25]
  • Agathocles, fearing Gela would turn against him, took over the city, executed 4,000 leading Geloans he suspected of treason, and confiscated their property.[26]

Italy

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Births

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Deaths

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Sources

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Ancient Sources

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References

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  1. ^ a b Siculus, Diodorus. "79". Library. Vol. XIX.
  2. ^ Diod. XIX 79,1–3
  3. ^ Diod. XIX 79,4–5
  4. ^ Diod. XIX 79,6–7
  5. ^ Diod. XIX 80–86
  6. ^ Diod. XIX 84,4–86,1
  7. ^ Siculus, Diodorus. "86". Library. Vol. XIX.
  8. ^ Diod. XIX 64,3–6.
  9. ^ Diod. XIX 64.
  10. ^ Diod. XIX 88, 89; Plut. Pyrr. 3.
  11. ^ Diod. XIX 88; Plut. Pyrr. 3.
  12. ^ Diod. XIX 64,1–2.
  13. ^ Diod. XIX 64,6–8
  14. ^ Diod. XIX 77,2–4
  15. ^ Diod. XIX 77,4–5
  16. ^ Diod. XIX 77,4–6
  17. ^ Diod. XIX 77,6–7
  18. ^ Diod. XIX 78,1
  19. ^ Diod. XIX 78,2–5
  20. ^ a b Siculus, Diodorus. "87". Library. Vol. XIX.
  21. ^ Diod. XIX 87,1–3
  22. ^ Diod. XIX 106,1
  23. ^ Diod. XIX 106,2
  24. ^ Diod. XIX 106,3
  25. ^ Diod. XIX 106,5
  26. ^ Diod. XIX 107
  27. ^ Livy VIII 9.29
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