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Variety (botany)

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LifeDomainKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies
The hierarchy of biological classification's eight major taxonomic ranks. Intermediate minor rankings are not shown.

In botanical nomenclature, variety (abbreviated var.; in Latin: varietas) is a taxonomic rank below that of species and subspecies, but above that of form.[1] As such, it gets a three-part infraspecific name. It is sometimes recommended that the subspecies rank should be used to recognize geographic distinctiveness, whereas the variety rank is appropriate if the taxon is seen throughout the geographic range of the species.[2]

Example

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The pincushion cactus, Escobaria vivipara, is a wide-ranging variable species occurring from Canada to Mexico, and found throughout New Mexico below about 2,600 metres (8,500 ft). Nine varieties have been described. Where the varieties of the pincushion cactus meet, they intergrade. The variety Escobaria vivipara var. arizonica is from Arizona, while Escobaria vivipara var. neo-mexicana is from New Mexico.[citation needed]

Definitions

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The term is defined in different ways by different authors.[3] However, the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants, while recognizing that the word "variety" is often used to denote "cultivar", does not accept this usage. Variety is defined in the code as follows: "Variety (varietas) the category in the botanical nomenclatural hierarchy between species and form (forma)". The code acknowledges the other usage as follows: "term used in some national and international legislation for a clearly distinguishable taxon below the rank of species; generally, in legislative texts, a term equivalent to cultivar. See also: cultivar and variety (varietas)".[4]

A variety will have an appearance distinct from other varieties, but will hybridize freely with those other varieties.[5]

Other nomenclature uses

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Article 4". International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. 2012. 4.1. If a greater number of ranks of taxa is desired, [...a]n organism may thus be assigned to taxa of the following ranks (in descending sequence): [... genus, ... species, subspecies,] variety (varietas), subvariety (subvarietas), form (forma), and [*subform|subforms*{8.21.06<sub-conformable, sub-conformer>}{6.4.18<sub-conform, sub-conforms><sub-conformal, sub-conformally, sub-conformable, sub-conformably, sub-conformant, sub-conformation, sub-conforming, sub-conformed, sub-conformer>}]. ... 4.3. Further ranks may also be intercalated or added, provided that confusion or error is not thereby introduced.
  2. ^ "Varieties and forms", HORTAX: Cultivated Plant Taxonomy Group, archived from the original on 17 August 2016, retrieved 19 July 2016
  3. ^ Robert T. Clausen (1941). "On The Use Of The Terms "Subspecies" And "Variety"". Rhodora. 43 (509): 157–167. Archived from the original on 2019-05-17. Retrieved 2018-01-13.
  4. ^ Brickell et al 2016.
  5. ^ Salm et al 2015.

Bibliography

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